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Management's Discussion and Analysis

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

This section describes the non-GAAP financial measures we use in the MD&A to explain our financial results. It also provides reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable Canadian GAAP financial measures.

EBITDA

The term EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization of intangible assets) does not have any standardized meaning according to Canadian GAAP. It is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies.

 We define EBITDA as operating revenues less cost of revenue and selling, general and administrative expenses, meaning it represents operating income before depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and restructuring and other.

 We use EBITDA, among other measures, to assess the operating performance of our ongoing businesses without the effects of depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and restructuring and other. We exclude these items because they affect the comparability of our financial results and could potentially distort the analysis of trends in business performance. We exclude depreciation and amortization of intangible assets because it largely depends on the accounting methods and assumptions a company uses, as well as non-operating factors such as the historical cost of capital assets. Excluding restructuring and other does not imply they are non-recurring.

EBITDA allows us to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis. We believe that certain investors and analysts use EBITDA to measure a company’s ability to service debt and to meet other payment obligations, or as a common measurement to value companies in the telecommunications industry.

The most comparable Canadian GAAP financial measure is operating income. The following tables are reconciliations of operating income to EBITDA on a consolidated basis for BCE, Bell and for our Bell Wireline and Bell Wireless segments.

BCE 

2010   2009   2008  







Operating income

3,672   3,191   2,869  

Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets

3,292   3,371   3,264  

Restructuring and other

224   527   871  







EBITDA

7,188   7,089   7,004  














 

           

BELL 

2010   2009   2008  







Operating income

2,972   2,432   2,143  

Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets

2,726   2,804   2,685  

Restructuring and other

159   483   810  







EBITDA

5,857   5,719   5,638  














 

           

BELL WIRELINE

2010   2009   2008  







Operating income

1,812   1,148   902  

Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets

2,169   2,284   2,193  

Restructuring and other

155   475   773  







EBITDA

4,136   3,907   3,868  














 

           

BELL WIRELESS

2010   2009   2008  







Operating income

1,160   1,284   1,241  

Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets

557   520   492  

Restructuring and other

4   8   37  







EBITDA

1,721   1,812   1,770  














 

The following tables are reconciliations of operating income to EBITDA on a consolidated basis for BCE, Bell and for our Bell Wireline and Bell Wireless segments for the fourth quarter of 2010 and 2009.

BCE 

Q4 2010   Q4 2009  





Operating income

836   751  

Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets

856   904  

Restructuring and other

52   82  





EBITDA

1,744   1,737  










         

BELL 

Q4 2010   Q4 2009  





Operating income

691   572  

Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets

715   758  

Restructuring and other

5   65  





EBITDA

1,411   1,395  










         

BELL WIRELINE

Q4 2010   Q4 2009  





Operating income

454   280  

Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets

566   622  

Restructuring and other

6   58  





EBITDA

1,026   960  










         

BELL WIRELESS

Q4 2010   Q4 2009  





Operating income

237   292  

Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets

149   136  

Restructuring and other

(1 ) 7  





EBITDA

385   435  










OPERATING INCOME BEFORE RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER

The term operating income before restructuring and other does not have any standardized meaning according to Canadian GAAP. It is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies.

 We use operating income before restructuring and other, among other measures, to assess the operating performance of our ongoing businesses without the effects of restructuring and other. We exclude these items because they affect the comparability of our financial results and could potentially distort the analysis of trends in business performance. Excluding restructuring and other does not imply they are non-recurring.

The most comparable Canadian GAAP financial measure is operating income. The following tables are reconciliations of operating income to operating income before restructuring and other on a consolidated basis for BCE, Bell and our Bell Wireline and Bell Wireless segments.

BCE 

2010   2009   2008  







Operating income

3,672   3,191   2,869  

Restructuring and other

224   527   871  







Operating income before restructuring and other

3,896   3,718   3,740  














             

BELL 

2010   2009   2008  







Operating income

2,972   2,432   2,143  

Restructuring and other

159   483   810  







Operating income before restructuring and other

3,131   2,915   2,953  














             

BELL WIRELINE

2010   2009   2008  







Operating income

1,812   1,148   902  

Restructuring and other

155   475   773  







Operating income before restructuring and other

1,967   1,623   1,675  














             

BELL WIRELESS

2010   2009   2008  







Operating income

1,160   1,284   1,241  

Restructuring and other

4   8   37  







Operating income before restructuring and other

1,164   1,292   1,278  














 ADJUSTED NET EARNINGS

The terms Adjusted net earnings and Adjusted EPS do not have any standardized meaning according to Canadian GAAP. They are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies.

 We define Adjusted net earnings as net earnings before restructuring and other and net (gains) losses on investments. We define Adjusted EPS as Adjusted net earnings per BCE Inc. common share.

 We use Adjusted net earnings and Adjusted EPS, among other measures, to assess the operating performance of our ongoing businesses without the effects of after-tax and non-controlling interest restructuring and other, and net (gains) losses on investments. We exclude these items because they affect the comparability of our financial results and could potentially distort the analysis of trends in business performance. Excluding these items does not imply they are non-recurring.

The most comparable Canadian GAAP financial measures are net earnings applicable to common shares and earnings per share. The following table is a reconciliation of net earnings applicable to common shares and earnings per share to Adjusted net earnings on a consolidated basis and per BCE Inc. common share (Adjusted EPS), respectively.

 

2010

 

2009

 

2008

 





 



 



 

TOTAL   PER SHARE     TOTAL   PER SHARE     TOTAL   PER SHARE  















Net earnings applicable to common shares

2,165   2.85     1,631   2.11     819   1.02  

Restructuring and other

127   0.17     339   0.44     572   0.71  

Net (gains) losses on investments

(133 ) (0.18 )   (41 ) (0.05 )   420   0.52  















Adjusted net earnings

2,159   2.84     1,929   2.50     1,811   2.25  






























 FREE CASH FLOW

The term free cash flow does not have any standardized meaning according to Canadian GAAP. It is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies.

 We define free cash flow as cash flows from operating activities and distributions received from Bell Aliant less capital expenditures, preferred share dividends, distributions paid by subsidiaries to non-controlling interest, other investing activities and Bell Aliant free cash flow.

 We consider free cash flow to be an important indicator of the financial strength and performance of our business because it shows how much cash is available to repay debt and reinvest in our company. We present free cash flow consistently from period to period, which allows us to compare our financial performance on a consistent basis.

We believe that certain investors and analysts use free cash flow to value a business and its underlying assets.

The most comparable Canadian GAAP financial measure is cash from operating activities. The following table is a reconciliation of cash flows from operating activities to free cash flow on a consolidated basis.

 

2010   2009   2008  







Cash flows from operating activities

4,724   4,884   5,909  

Bell Aliant distributions to BCE 

291   291   290  

Capital expenditures

(2,959 ) (2,854 ) (2,986 )

Other investing activities

(98 ) (89 ) (726 )

Dividends paid on preferred shares

(108 ) (107 ) (129 )

Distributions paid by subsidiaries to non-controlling interest

(370 ) (369 ) (366 )

Bell Aliant free cash flow

(106 ) (300 ) (303 )







Free cash flow

1,374   1,456   1,689